On the SHSAT Mathematics section, Ratios, unit rates, and proportional relationships covers comparing two parts of a whole, finding how much work two machines do in the same span of time, and converting leftover length among kilometers, meters, and centimeters.
A student must form equivalent ratios, use a given difference to find each part and the total, convert units before subtracting, and combine unit rates over a common interval. Questions are short word problems whose five answer choices are usually single totals; traps include mixed units, scaling only one side of a ratio, and adding rates that are not yet aligned.
Sample questions
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Question 1Easier
Machine A packs 3 crates every 4 minutes. Machine B packs 5 crates every 6 minutes. If both machines work for 24 minutes, how many crates do they pack in all?
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Answer: C — 38
Machine A works for 24÷4=6 groups of 4 minutes, so it packs 6⋅3=18 crates. Machine B works for 24÷6=4 groups of 6 minutes, so it packs 4⋅5=20 crates. Together they pack 38 crates.
Question 2Mid
The ratio of fiction books to nonfiction books donated to a library is 5:3. If 18 more fiction books than nonfiction books are donated, how many books are donated in all?
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Answer: B — 72
The difference of 2 ratio parts equals 18 books, so each part equals 9 books. The total is 5+3=8 parts, and 8⋅9=72 books.
Question 3Mid
A cable is 2.75 kilometers long. A section measuring 850 meters is removed. Each kilometer contains 1,000 meters, and each meter contains 100 centimeters. How many centimeters of cable remain?
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Answer: C — 190,000 centimeters
The cable begins at 2.75×1,000=2,750 meters, so 2,750−850=1,900 meters remain, or 190,000 centimeters.
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